中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
汽车产业变革下半场,智能汽车如何开新局******
“智能汽车是汽车产业的变革性技术,已引起世界各国的激烈角逐,中国发展智能汽车也已形成共识。我们的顶层规划以及产业政策日趋完善,技术研发逐渐进入商业化创新阶段。”在近日举行的全球智能汽车产业峰会(GIV2022)上,中国工程院院士、清华大学教授、汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室主任李克强的演讲直奔主题。
如果说新能源汽车是汽车产业变革的上半场,那么下半场就是智能汽车。本次会议围绕“全球视角下的智能汽车发展之路”,相关院士专家、企业代表聚焦操作系统、顶层设计等话题展开了观点交锋。
迈过芯片这道坎是必答题
“汽车智能化是一项十分复杂的系统工程,需要智能汽车、智能交通、智慧城市的协同创新。”中国电动汽车百人会理事长陈清泰说,智能汽车的价值链、供应链正在加速重构,未来汽车对传统汽车的颠覆性,使传统零部件体系的50%以上都面临重构。
有机构预测,到2030年,芯片将占高端汽车物料成本的20%以上,软件成本占整车成本的比例,则将从目前的15%跃升至60%。
近年来,在“缺芯”倒逼下,我国汽车芯片设计有了快速进步。不过,中国电动汽车百人会副理事长兼秘书长张永伟坦言,如何迈过芯片这道坎,仍然是必须要解决的问题。
“我们必须看到我们所面临的一系列严峻挑战。”张永伟举例说,比如进口依赖、产业链技术短板、严格的检测认证以及人才短缺等问题。基于此,他提出应提升全产业链技术,建立汽车芯片标准、检测认证体系,加快国产芯片“上车”应用,加大政策支持等。
打造国产主流CPU架构
有报道称,美国太空探索技术公司创始人马斯克将推出汽车芯片,使汽车成为“四个轮子上的移动巨型计算机”。中央处理器(CPU)是汽车产业发展的关键技术之一,CPU架构也是芯片产业链的龙头,其不仅决定了CPU本身的性能,也在很大程度上引领整个芯片产业发展和生态建设。
“这几年国产CPU发展得很快,现在国内市场上已有六七种CPU架构并存,但这并非长久之计。”中国工程院院士、中国科学院计算技术研究所研究员倪光南直言,多种国产CPU架构并存,未来可能会造成资源分散、低水平重复等问题。
“这种状况如果不加以改进,若干年后,我国将缺乏能在全球市场上与X86、RAM两家竞争的自主CPU架构,从而在主流CPU方面仍将受制于人。”在倪光南看来,面向未来主流CPU市场,要聚焦开源绿色架构,发展中国芯片产业。尤其是在智能网联汽车等新兴领域,可通过充分发挥我国举国体制、超大规模市场优势和人才优势,共建绿色产业生态,增强绿色产业链、供应链自主控制能力。此外,还要通过加大对开源数据的贡献,增大国际话语权和主导权。
探寻智能网联汽车“中国方案”
在探讨中国智能汽车发展的具体问题时,针对如何加强顶层设计,陈清泰坦言,要动员多方力量,共同做好智能网联汽车的顶层布局,例如如何按照车路协同的思路对道路基础设施进行智能化改造,如何建立面向智能汽车的数据监管系统,怎样打破部门分割、形成高效协同的推进体制,都是当前非常迫切需要推进的任务。
“未来中国要发展智能汽车,就应该从一体化的架构体系构建和关键技术突破方面作出积极探索。”李克强剖析,考虑到智能网联汽车的技术特征及社会属性,我们难以采用国际上的单车智能发展路径,需要探索“中国方案”,要充分融合智能化和网联化的技术路线,探索适合我国智能汽车的发展方案。
智能网联汽车如何迈向高质量发展?李克强认为,要加强顶层设计谋划,抢抓智能网联汽车网联化、智能化的窗口期,加强产业顶层战略布局,并积极践行“中国方案”,成为全球技术趋势的引领者。